diff --git a/internal/app/channels/service.go b/internal/app/channels/service.go
index fc42eb56..27822a4a 100644
--- a/internal/app/channels/service.go
+++ b/internal/app/channels/service.go
@@ -2295,6 +2295,21 @@ func (s *Service) FilterActiveMemberIDs(ctx context.Context, channelID int64, us
 	return s.channels.FilterActiveChannelMemberIDs(ctx, channelID, candidates)
 }
 
+// FilterMessageAudienceIDs keeps active members and currently authorized
+// public-preview viewers from a bounded online candidate set. The store performs
+// one batched authoritative check per bounded chunk so runtime session indexes
+// never become an access-control source of truth.
+func (s *Service) FilterMessageAudienceIDs(ctx context.Context, channelID int64, userIDs []int64) ([]int64, error) {
+	if s == nil || s.channels == nil || channelID == 0 {
+		return nil, domain.ErrChannelInvalid
+	}
+	candidates := uniqueNonZero(userIDs)
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return s.channels.FilterChannelMessageAudienceIDs(ctx, channelID, candidates)
+}
+
 // GetDifference returns channel-scoped pts difference.
 func (s *Service) GetDifference(ctx context.Context, userID int64, req domain.ChannelDifferenceRequest) (domain.ChannelDifference, error) {
 	if s == nil || s.channels == nil || userID == 0 || req.ChannelID == 0 {
diff --git a/internal/app/channels/service_test.go b/internal/app/channels/service_test.go
index daf5fa6f..427462ca 100644
--- a/internal/app/channels/service_test.go
+++ b/internal/app/channels/service_test.go
@@ -3014,12 +3014,37 @@ func TestPublicChannelPreviewAllowsNonMemberHistory(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("non-member GetDifference public preview: %v", err)
 	}
-	if !diff.Final || diff.Pts != sent.Event.Pts || len(diff.Events) != 0 || len(diff.NewMessages) != 0 || len(diff.OtherUpdates) != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("preview diff = %+v, want empty public preview difference at current pts", diff)
+	if !diff.Final || diff.Pts != sent.Event.Pts || len(diff.Events) != 1 || len(diff.NewMessages) != 1 || len(diff.OtherUpdates) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("preview diff = %+v, want one public preview message at current pts", diff)
+	}
+	if diff.NewMessages[0].ID != sent.Message.ID || diff.NewMessages[0].Body != sent.Message.Body {
+		t.Fatalf("preview diff message = %+v, want sent public post %+v", diff.NewMessages[0], sent.Message)
 	}
 	if diff.Dialog.UnreadCount != 0 || diff.Dialog.ReadInboxMaxID < sent.Message.ID {
 		t.Fatalf("preview diff dialog = %+v, want read-only public preview dialog", diff.Dialog)
 	}
+	audience, err := service.FilterMessageAudienceIDs(ctx, public.ID, []int64{viewerID, ownerID, viewerID})
+	if err != nil || len(audience) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("public message audience = %v err %v, want owner and preview viewer", audience, err)
+	}
+	if _, err := service.JoinChannel(ctx, viewerID, public.ID, 21); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("JoinChannel public preview viewer: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := service.LeaveChannel(ctx, viewerID, public.ID, 22); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LeaveChannel public preview viewer: %v", err)
+	}
+	filtered, err := service.GetDifference(ctx, viewerID, domain.ChannelDifferenceRequest{
+		ChannelID: public.ID,
+		Pts:       sent.Event.Pts,
+		Limit:     10,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("preview difference across participant events: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !filtered.Final || filtered.Pts != sent.Event.Pts || len(filtered.Events) != 0 ||
+		len(filtered.NewMessages) != 0 || len(filtered.OtherUpdates) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("difference after transient participant changes = %+v, want unchanged PTS", filtered)
+	}
 
 	private, err := service.CreateChannel(ctx, ownerID, domain.CreateChannelRequest{
 		Title:     "Private Preview",
@@ -3047,6 +3072,9 @@ func TestPublicChannelPreviewAllowsNonMemberHistory(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := service.GetDifference(ctx, viewerID, domain.ChannelDifferenceRequest{ChannelID: public.ID, Pts: created.Event.Pts, Limit: 10}); !errors.Is(err, domain.ErrChannelUserBanned) {
 		t.Fatalf("banned public preview GetDifference err = %v, want ErrChannelUserBanned", err)
 	}
+	if audience, err := service.FilterMessageAudienceIDs(ctx, public.ID, []int64{viewerID}); err != nil || len(audience) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("banned public message audience = %v err %v, want empty", audience, err)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestChannelDifferenceStartsAtMemberAvailableMinPts(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/internal/app/dialogs/service.go b/internal/app/dialogs/service.go
index aae8c85a..b28b8c2d 100644
--- a/internal/app/dialogs/service.go
+++ b/internal/app/dialogs/service.go
@@ -342,11 +342,24 @@ func (s *Service) appendMissingChannelPeerPreviews(ctx context.Context, userID i
 		if !ok || view.Forbidden {
 			continue
 		}
+		if view.Self.Status == domain.ChannelMemberLeft && !view.Self.Guest {
+			// A visible public preview still needs one transient dialog so a
+			// client can finish bootstrapping the requested peer. Keep the top
+			// message and read state at zero: the response is an admission
+			// token, not a persisted/chat-list dialog snapshot. In particular,
+			// clients that persist non-zero top dialogs will instead continue
+			// with messages.getHistory, which is the authoritative preview
+			// history path.
+			out.Dialogs = append(out.Dialogs, publicChannelPreviewBootstrapDialog(view))
+			out.Channels = append(out.Channels, view.Channel)
+			out.Count++
+			present[channelID] = struct{}{}
+			continue
+		}
 		// Linked discussion guests need a transient peer-dialog snapshot so
 		// TDesktop can finish materializing the comments History after
 		// requestSelf. ChannelLeft keeps the snapshot out of the main chat list,
-		// and Guest guarantees this path never turns an ordinary public preview
-		// into a dialog.
+		// while Guest authorizes the target's real top-message snapshot.
 		if view.Self.Status != domain.ChannelMemberActive && !view.Self.Guest {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -378,6 +391,14 @@ func (s *Service) appendMissingChannelPeerPreviews(ctx context.Context, userID i
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func publicChannelPreviewBootstrapDialog(view domain.ChannelView) domain.Dialog {
+	return domain.Dialog{
+		Peer:        domain.Peer{Type: domain.PeerTypeChannel, ID: view.Channel.ID},
+		ChannelLeft: true,
+		Pts:         view.Channel.Pts,
+	}
+}
+
 func isChannelPreviewAccessError(err error) bool {
 	return errors.Is(err, domain.ErrChannelPrivate) ||
 		errors.Is(err, domain.ErrChannelUserBanned) ||
diff --git a/internal/app/dialogs/service_test.go b/internal/app/dialogs/service_test.go
index dffb055f..dee10f7c 100644
--- a/internal/app/dialogs/service_test.go
+++ b/internal/app/dialogs/service_test.go
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ type countingDialogChannelStore struct {
 	getChannelCalls        int
 	getChannelsCalls       int
 	getChannelDialogsCalls int
+	listHistoryCalls       int
 }
 
 func (s *countingDialogChannelStore) GetChannel(ctx context.Context, viewerUserID, channelID int64) (domain.ChannelView, error) {
@@ -77,6 +78,11 @@ func (s *countingDialogChannelStore) GetChannelDialogs(ctx context.Context, view
 	return s.ChannelStore.GetChannelDialogs(ctx, viewerUserID, channelIDs)
 }
 
+func (s *countingDialogChannelStore) ListChannelHistory(ctx context.Context, viewerUserID int64, filter domain.ChannelHistoryFilter) (domain.ChannelHistory, error) {
+	s.listHistoryCalls++
+	return s.ChannelStore.ListChannelHistory(ctx, viewerUserID, filter)
+}
+
 func TestGetDialogsHashUsesWarmStableHashCacheAndInvalidatesOnWrite(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	const ownerID int64 = 1001
@@ -695,7 +701,7 @@ func TestGetPeerDialogsRejectsHugeVector(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestGetPeerDialogsSkipsPublicChannelPreviewForNonMember(t *testing.T) {
+func TestGetPeerDialogsReturnsZeroTopBootstrapForPublicChannelPreview(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	channelStore := memory.NewChannelStore()
 	channels := appchannels.NewService(channelStore)
@@ -716,12 +722,13 @@ func TestGetPeerDialogsSkipsPublicChannelPreviewForNonMember(t *testing.T) {
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("UpdateUsername public: %v", err)
 	}
-	if _, err := channels.SendMessage(ctx, 1001, domain.SendChannelMessageRequest{
+	sent, err := channels.SendMessage(ctx, 1001, domain.SendChannelMessageRequest{
 		ChannelID: public.Channel.ID,
 		RandomID:  99,
 		Message:   "public peer dialog top",
 		Date:      1700002010,
-	}); err != nil {
+	})
+	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SendMessage public: %v", err)
 	}
 	private, err := channels.CreateChannel(ctx, 1001, domain.CreateChannelRequest{
@@ -740,8 +747,19 @@ func TestGetPeerDialogsSkipsPublicChannelPreviewForNonMember(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("GetPeerDialogs public preview: %v", err)
 	}
-	if len(list.Dialogs) != 0 || len(list.ChannelMessages) != 0 || len(list.Channels) != 0 || list.Count != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("peer dialogs = %+v, want no materialized public preview dialog", list)
+	if len(list.Dialogs) != 1 || len(list.ChannelMessages) != 0 || len(list.Channels) != 1 || list.Count != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("peer dialogs = %+v, want one zero-top public preview bootstrap", list)
+	}
+	dialog := list.Dialogs[0]
+	if dialog.Peer.Type != domain.PeerTypeChannel || dialog.Peer.ID != public.Channel.ID ||
+		!dialog.ChannelLeft || dialog.TopMessage != 0 || dialog.TopMessageDate != 0 ||
+		dialog.ReadInboxMaxID != 0 || dialog.ReadOutboxMaxID != 0 ||
+		dialog.UnreadCount != 0 || dialog.UnreadMentions != 0 ||
+		dialog.UnreadReactions != 0 || dialog.Pts != sent.Event.Pts {
+		t.Fatalf("public preview bootstrap dialog = %+v", dialog)
+	}
+	if list.Channels[0].ID != public.Channel.ID {
+		t.Fatalf("public preview channels = %+v, want channel %d", list.Channels, public.Channel.ID)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -810,6 +828,7 @@ func TestGetPeerDialogsBatchesMissingChannelVisibilityChecks(t *testing.T) {
 
 	channelStore.getChannelCalls = 0
 	channelStore.getChannelsCalls = 0
+	channelStore.listHistoryCalls = 0
 	list, err := dialogs.GetPeerDialogs(ctx, 1002, []domain.Peer{
 		{Type: domain.PeerTypeChannel, ID: first.Channel.ID},
 		{Type: domain.PeerTypeChannel, ID: private.Channel.ID},
@@ -822,8 +841,16 @@ func TestGetPeerDialogsBatchesMissingChannelVisibilityChecks(t *testing.T) {
 	if channelStore.getChannelsCalls != 1 || channelStore.getChannelCalls != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("visibility channel calls: GetChannels=%d GetChannel=%d, want one batch call only", channelStore.getChannelsCalls, channelStore.getChannelCalls)
 	}
-	if len(list.Dialogs) != 0 || len(list.ChannelMessages) != 0 || len(list.Channels) != 0 || list.Count != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("peer dialogs = %+v, want no public preview dialogs", list)
+	if channelStore.listHistoryCalls != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("public preview history calls = %d, want zero", channelStore.listHistoryCalls)
+	}
+	if len(list.Dialogs) != 2 || len(list.ChannelMessages) != 0 || len(list.Channels) != 2 || list.Count != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("peer dialogs = %+v, want two deduplicated zero-top public previews", list)
+	}
+	for _, dialog := range list.Dialogs {
+		if !dialog.ChannelLeft || dialog.TopMessage != 0 || dialog.ReadInboxMaxID != 0 || dialog.ReadOutboxMaxID != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("public preview bootstrap dialog = %+v", dialog)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/mtprotoedge/session_manager.go b/internal/mtprotoedge/session_manager.go
index 7ff5a463..04b31acc 100644
--- a/internal/mtprotoedge/session_manager.go
+++ b/internal/mtprotoedge/session_manager.go
@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ const (
 	// 登记的 channel 数上限。membership 源于真实成员关系（大账号可能很多），interest 受客户端
 	// 直接控制；两者都设一个宽松上界防内存放大，超出即截断并记日志。
 	maxChannelIndexPerSession = 8192
+	// Official clients short-poll at most ten opened channels per session. Keep the
+	// server-side passive subscription index at the same hard bound.
+	maxChannelSubscriptionsPerSession = 10
+	defaultChannelSubscriptionTTL     = 75 * time.Second
+	maxChannelSubscriptionTTL         = 2 * time.Minute
 )
 
 // forceCloseBatchTimeout is one deadline for a whole revoke/replace/eviction batch. Conn.Close
@@ -136,6 +141,11 @@ type sessionKey struct {
 	sessionID int64
 }
 
+type channelSubscription struct {
+	userID    int64
+	expiresAt int64
+}
+
 // SessionLifecycleObserver receives active connection lifecycle events.
 type SessionLifecycleObserver interface {
 	SessionOffline(rawAuthKeyID [8]byte, sessionID, userID int64, lastForUser bool)
@@ -164,18 +174,20 @@ type SessionManager struct {
 	// claims owns the provisional -> active gap. A claimant is intentionally
 	// absent from every push/online index until its required session control frame
 	// is on the wire and PublishActivation validates the same owner.
-	claims            map[sessionKey]*Conn
-	claimsByAuth      map[[8]byte]map[int64]*Conn // raw authKeyID -> sessionID -> provisional claim
-	byAuthKey         map[[8]byte]map[int64]*Conn // raw authKeyID → sessionID → Conn
-	byBusinessAuthKey map[[8]byte]map[sessionKey]*Conn
-	byUser            map[int64]map[sessionKey]*Conn
-	byChannel         map[int64]map[sessionKey]int64 // channelID → session → userID，用于频道 active-viewer 临时推送
-	bySessionChannels map[sessionKey]map[int64]struct{}
-	byMemberChannel   map[int64]map[sessionKey]int64 // channelID → session → userID，用于已上线成员持久 update 推送
-	bySessionMembers  map[sessionKey]map[int64]struct{}
-	pending           map[sessionKey][]queuedPush // updates-ready 前暂存的主动推送
-	flushing          map[sessionKey]bool         // 置位时暂存正在排空的 session；排空完成前推送继续进 pending 保序
-	pendingBudget     *outboundTrackedBudget      // 未就绪 session 暂存 encoded body 的进程级上限
+	claims                 map[sessionKey]*Conn
+	claimsByAuth           map[[8]byte]map[int64]*Conn // raw authKeyID -> sessionID -> provisional claim
+	byAuthKey              map[[8]byte]map[int64]*Conn // raw authKeyID → sessionID → Conn
+	byBusinessAuthKey      map[[8]byte]map[sessionKey]*Conn
+	byUser                 map[int64]map[sessionKey]*Conn
+	byChannel              map[int64]map[sessionKey]int64 // channelID → session → userID，用于频道 active-viewer 临时推送
+	bySessionChannels      map[sessionKey]map[int64]struct{}
+	bySubscribedChannel    map[int64]map[sessionKey]channelSubscription
+	bySessionSubscriptions map[sessionKey]map[int64]int64
+	byMemberChannel        map[int64]map[sessionKey]int64 // channelID → session → userID，用于已上线成员持久 update 推送
+	bySessionMembers       map[sessionKey]map[int64]struct{}
+	pending                map[sessionKey][]queuedPush // updates-ready 前暂存的主动推送
+	flushing               map[sessionKey]bool         // 置位时暂存正在排空的 session；排空完成前推送继续进 pending 保序
+	pendingBudget          *outboundTrackedBudget      // 未就绪 session 暂存 encoded body 的进程级上限
 
 	lifecycle SessionLifecycleObserver
 	log       *zap.Logger
@@ -187,20 +199,22 @@ func NewSessionManager(log *zap.Logger) *SessionManager {
 		log = zap.NewNop()
 	}
 	return &SessionManager{
-		bySession:         make(map[sessionKey]*Conn),
-		claims:            make(map[sessionKey]*Conn),
-		claimsByAuth:      make(map[[8]byte]map[int64]*Conn),
-		byAuthKey:         make(map[[8]byte]map[int64]*Conn),
-		byBusinessAuthKey: make(map[[8]byte]map[sessionKey]*Conn),
-		byUser:            make(map[int64]map[sessionKey]*Conn),
-		byChannel:         make(map[int64]map[sessionKey]int64),
-		bySessionChannels: make(map[sessionKey]map[int64]struct{}),
-		byMemberChannel:   make(map[int64]map[sessionKey]int64),
-		bySessionMembers:  make(map[sessionKey]map[int64]struct{}),
-		pending:           make(map[sessionKey][]queuedPush),
-		flushing:          make(map[sessionKey]bool),
-		pendingBudget:     newOutboundTrackedBudget(defaultPendingPushMaxBytes),
-		log:               log,
+		bySession:              make(map[sessionKey]*Conn),
+		claims:                 make(map[sessionKey]*Conn),
+		claimsByAuth:           make(map[[8]byte]map[int64]*Conn),
+		byAuthKey:              make(map[[8]byte]map[int64]*Conn),
+		byBusinessAuthKey:      make(map[[8]byte]map[sessionKey]*Conn),
+		byUser:                 make(map[int64]map[sessionKey]*Conn),
+		byChannel:              make(map[int64]map[sessionKey]int64),
+		bySessionChannels:      make(map[sessionKey]map[int64]struct{}),
+		bySubscribedChannel:    make(map[int64]map[sessionKey]channelSubscription),
+		bySessionSubscriptions: make(map[sessionKey]map[int64]int64),
+		byMemberChannel:        make(map[int64]map[sessionKey]int64),
+		bySessionMembers:       make(map[sessionKey]map[int64]struct{}),
+		pending:                make(map[sessionKey][]queuedPush),
+		flushing:               make(map[sessionKey]bool),
+		pendingBudget:          newOutboundTrackedBudget(defaultPendingPushMaxBytes),
+		log:                    log,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -730,8 +744,7 @@ func (m *SessionManager) bindUserLocked(c *Conn, key sessionKey, userID int64) {
 	if old := c.userID.Swap(userID); old != 0 {
 		removeUserIndex(m.byUser, old, key)
 		if old != userID {
-			m.clearChannelInterestsLocked(key)
-			m.clearChannelMembershipsLocked(c, key)
+			m.clearSessionChannelIndexesLocked(c, key)
 			c.membershipsSynced.Store(false)
 			// 身份变化即丢弃暂存推送：它们属于前一个账号，flush 给新账号是跨账号泄露。
 			// 同时取消进行中的排空（runFlush 还另有 owner 校验做批内兜底）。
@@ -743,8 +756,7 @@ func (m *SessionManager) bindUserLocked(c *Conn, key sessionKey, userID int64) {
 	if userID != 0 {
 		addUserIndex(m.byUser, userID, key, c)
 	} else {
-		m.clearChannelInterestsLocked(key)
-		m.clearChannelMembershipsLocked(c, key)
+		m.clearSessionChannelIndexesLocked(c, key)
 		c.membershipsSynced.Store(false)
 		m.deletePendingLocked(key)
 		delete(m.flushing, key)
@@ -808,8 +820,7 @@ func (m *SessionManager) bindAuthKeyLocked(c *Conn, key sessionKey, authKeyID [8
 		if oldUserID != 0 {
 			removeUserIndex(m.byUser, oldUserID, key)
 		}
-		m.clearChannelInterestsLocked(key)
-		m.clearChannelMembershipsLocked(c, key)
+		m.clearSessionChannelIndexesLocked(c, key)
 		c.membershipsSynced.Store(false)
 		m.deletePendingLocked(key)
 		delete(m.flushing, key)
@@ -1065,8 +1076,7 @@ func (m *SessionManager) UnbindAuthKey(authKeyID [8]byte) int {
 		if old := c.userID.Swap(0); old != 0 {
 			removeUserIndex(m.byUser, old, key)
 		}
-		m.clearChannelInterestsLocked(key)
-		m.clearChannelMembershipsLocked(c, key)
+		m.clearSessionChannelIndexesLocked(c, key)
 		c.membershipsSynced.Store(false)
 		// 授权解除后暂存推送属于已登出的账号，不能等下一个登录者置位时 flush 出去。
 		m.deletePendingLocked(key)
@@ -1085,8 +1095,7 @@ func (m *SessionManager) UnbindAuthKey(authKeyID [8]byte) int {
 func (m *SessionManager) setReceivesUpdatesLocked(c *Conn, key sessionKey, receives bool) (int64, bool) {
 	if !receives {
 		c.receivesUpdates.Store(false)
-		m.clearChannelInterestsLocked(key)
-		m.clearChannelMembershipsLocked(c, key)
+		m.clearSessionChannelIndexesLocked(c, key)
 		c.membershipsSynced.Store(false)
 		// 取消进行中的排空激活：runFlush 在置位前会复查该标志，标志已删则放弃置位，
 		// 避免把刚置 false 的开关翻回 true。
@@ -1099,8 +1108,7 @@ func (m *SessionManager) setReceivesUpdatesLocked(c *Conn, key sessionKey, recei
 		// pending until generated exact admission freezes a real profile; do not
 		// start a flush which would fail layer binding and retire a healthy socket.
 		c.receivesUpdates.Store(false)
-		m.clearChannelInterestsLocked(key)
-		m.clearChannelMembershipsLocked(c, key)
+		m.clearSessionChannelIndexesLocked(c, key)
 		c.membershipsSynced.Store(false)
 		delete(m.flushing, key)
 		return 0, false
@@ -1900,6 +1908,102 @@ func (m *SessionManager) OnlineChannelUserIDs(channelID int64, limit int) []int6
 	return m.onlineChannelUsers(m.byChannel, channelID, limit)
 }
 
+// RefreshChannelSubscription refreshes one public-channel passive-update
+// subscription without replacing the other short-polled channels of the same
+// session. The index is runtime-only and bounded to the official client limit.
+func (m *SessionManager) RefreshChannelSubscription(rawAuthKeyID [8]byte, sessionID, userID, channelID int64, ttl time.Duration) {
+	if userID == 0 || channelID == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	if ttl <= 0 {
+		ttl = defaultChannelSubscriptionTTL
+	} else if ttl > maxChannelSubscriptionTTL {
+		ttl = maxChannelSubscriptionTTL
+	}
+	key := sessionKey{authKeyID: rawAuthKeyID, sessionID: sessionID}
+	now := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	expiresAt := now + int64(ttl)
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	c, ok := m.bySession[key]
+	if !ok || c.userID.Load() != userID {
+		return
+	}
+	m.pruneSessionSubscriptionsLocked(key, now)
+	channels := m.bySessionSubscriptions[key]
+	if channels == nil {
+		channels = make(map[int64]int64, 1)
+		m.bySessionSubscriptions[key] = channels
+	}
+	if _, exists := channels[channelID]; !exists && len(channels) >= maxChannelSubscriptionsPerSession {
+		m.log.Warn("Channel passive subscription ignored at per-session cap",
+			zap.String("auth_key_id", sessionKeyLog(rawAuthKeyID)),
+			zap.Int64("session_id", sessionID),
+			zap.Int64("channel_id", channelID),
+			zap.Int("cap", maxChannelSubscriptionsPerSession))
+		return
+	}
+	channels[channelID] = expiresAt
+	sessions := m.bySubscribedChannel[channelID]
+	if sessions == nil {
+		sessions = make(map[sessionKey]channelSubscription)
+		m.bySubscribedChannel[channelID] = sessions
+	}
+	sessions[key] = channelSubscription{userID: userID, expiresAt: expiresAt}
+}
+
+// OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDs returns users for which at least one live
+// session still holds an unexpired short-poll subscription. The user is
+// deduplicated because passive updates are subsequently pushed account-wide.
+func (m *SessionManager) OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDs(channelID int64, limit int) []int64 {
+	return m.onlineChannelSubscriberUserIDsExcluding(channelID, nil, limit)
+}
+
+func (m *SessionManager) OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDsExcluding(channelID int64, exclude map[int64]struct{}, limit int) []int64 {
+	return m.onlineChannelSubscriberUserIDsExcluding(channelID, exclude, limit)
+}
+
+func (m *SessionManager) onlineChannelSubscriberUserIDsExcluding(channelID int64, exclude map[int64]struct{}, limit int) []int64 {
+	if channelID == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	now := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	sessions := m.bySubscribedChannel[channelID]
+	if len(sessions) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]int64, 0, positiveLimitOrLen(limit, len(sessions)))
+	seen := make(map[int64]struct{}, positiveLimitOrLen(limit, len(sessions)))
+	for key, subscription := range sessions {
+		if subscription.expiresAt <= now {
+			m.removeChannelSubscriptionLocked(key, channelID)
+			continue
+		}
+		if subscription.userID == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := exclude[subscription.userID]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		c, ok := m.bySession[key]
+		if !ok || c.userID.Load() != subscription.userID {
+			m.removeChannelSubscriptionLocked(key, channelID)
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := seen[subscription.userID]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[subscription.userID] = struct{}{}
+		out = append(out, subscription.userID)
+		if limit > 0 && len(out) >= limit {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
 // ChannelMembershipGeneration 返回该 session 的 membership 索引修订号。
 // 全量同步方必须在读取持久成员列表【之前】采样，并经 SetSessionChannelMemberships
 // 带回比对；session 不在线时返回 0（后续 Set 也会因查不到连接而放弃）。
@@ -2031,14 +2135,17 @@ func (m *SessionManager) OnlineChannelMemberUserIDsExcluding(channelID int64, ex
 	return out
 }
 
-// OnlineChannelIDsSnapshot returns every channel with at least one live joined-member session in
-// strictly ascending order. The global SessionManager lock is held only while copying map keys;
+// OnlineChannelIDsSnapshot returns every channel with at least one live joined-member session or
+// unexpired passive subscriber in strictly ascending order. The global SessionManager lock is held
+// only while copying map keys and pruning expired subscription entries;
 // sorting and all recovery database work happen after unlock. The fixed saturation-recovery actor
 // is the sole caller, so its exceptional-path temporary memory is one int64 slice (peak about 8*C
 // bytes) rather than repeated O(C) scans under the connection/membership lock.
 func (m *SessionManager) OnlineChannelIDsSnapshot() []int64 {
-	m.mu.RLock()
-	out := make([]int64, 0, len(m.byMemberChannel))
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	now := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	seen := make(map[int64]struct{}, len(m.byMemberChannel)+len(m.bySubscribedChannel))
+	out := make([]int64, 0, len(m.byMemberChannel)+len(m.bySubscribedChannel))
 	for channelID, sessions := range m.byMemberChannel {
 		if channelID <= 0 || len(sessions) == 0 {
 			continue
@@ -2053,9 +2160,35 @@ func (m *SessionManager) OnlineChannelIDsSnapshot() []int64 {
 		if !live {
 			continue
 		}
+		seen[channelID] = struct{}{}
 		out = append(out, channelID)
 	}
-	m.mu.RUnlock()
+	for channelID, sessions := range m.bySubscribedChannel {
+		if channelID <= 0 || len(sessions) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		live := false
+		for key, subscription := range sessions {
+			if subscription.expiresAt <= now {
+				m.removeChannelSubscriptionLocked(key, channelID)
+				continue
+			}
+			c, ok := m.bySession[key]
+			if !ok || c.userID.Load() != subscription.userID {
+				m.removeChannelSubscriptionLocked(key, channelID)
+				continue
+			}
+			live = true
+		}
+		if !live {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, exists := seen[channelID]; exists {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, channelID)
+	}
+	m.mu.Unlock()
 	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool { return out[i] < out[j] })
 	return out
 }
@@ -2105,8 +2238,7 @@ func (m *SessionManager) removeLocked(c *Conn, dropPending bool) int64 {
 	if uid != 0 {
 		removeUserIndex(m.byUser, uid, key)
 	}
-	m.clearChannelInterestsLocked(key)
-	m.clearChannelMembershipsLocked(c, key)
+	m.clearSessionChannelIndexesLocked(c, key)
 	if dropPending {
 		m.deletePendingLocked(key)
 	}
@@ -2203,6 +2335,50 @@ func (m *SessionManager) clearChannelInterestsLocked(key sessionKey) {
 	m.clearChannelIndexLocked(m.byChannel, m.bySessionChannels, key)
 }
 
+func (m *SessionManager) clearChannelSubscriptionsLocked(key sessionKey) {
+	channels := m.bySessionSubscriptions[key]
+	if len(channels) == 0 {
+		delete(m.bySessionSubscriptions, key)
+		return
+	}
+	for channelID := range channels {
+		sessions := m.bySubscribedChannel[channelID]
+		delete(sessions, key)
+		if len(sessions) == 0 {
+			delete(m.bySubscribedChannel, channelID)
+		}
+	}
+	delete(m.bySessionSubscriptions, key)
+}
+
+func (m *SessionManager) pruneSessionSubscriptionsLocked(key sessionKey, now int64) {
+	channels := m.bySessionSubscriptions[key]
+	for channelID, expiresAt := range channels {
+		if expiresAt <= now {
+			m.removeChannelSubscriptionLocked(key, channelID)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *SessionManager) removeChannelSubscriptionLocked(key sessionKey, channelID int64) {
+	channels := m.bySessionSubscriptions[key]
+	delete(channels, channelID)
+	if len(channels) == 0 {
+		delete(m.bySessionSubscriptions, key)
+	}
+	sessions := m.bySubscribedChannel[channelID]
+	delete(sessions, key)
+	if len(sessions) == 0 {
+		delete(m.bySubscribedChannel, channelID)
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *SessionManager) clearSessionChannelIndexesLocked(c *Conn, key sessionKey) {
+	m.clearChannelInterestsLocked(key)
+	m.clearChannelSubscriptionsLocked(key)
+	m.clearChannelMembershipsLocked(c, key)
+}
+
 // clearChannelMembershipsLocked 整体清除某连接的 membership 索引并递增其修订号，
 // 使在飞的全量同步（SetSessionChannelMemberships）能检测到清除并放弃过期替换。
 func (m *SessionManager) clearChannelMembershipsLocked(c *Conn, key sessionKey) {
diff --git a/internal/mtprotoedge/session_manager_test.go b/internal/mtprotoedge/session_manager_test.go
index 0caaccf2..5db9f1ff 100644
--- a/internal/mtprotoedge/session_manager_test.go
+++ b/internal/mtprotoedge/session_manager_test.go
@@ -858,6 +858,51 @@ func TestSessionManagerChannelInterestIndex(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSessionManagerChannelSubscriptionsAreBoundedDeduplicatedAndExpire(t *testing.T) {
+	sm := NewSessionManager(zaptest.NewLogger(t))
+	rawOne := [8]byte{1, 2, 3}
+	rawTwo := [8]byte{4, 5, 6}
+	first := &Conn{sessionID: 41, authKeyID: rawOne}
+	second := &Conn{sessionID: 42, authKeyID: rawTwo}
+	sm.Register(first)
+	sm.Register(second)
+	sm.BindUserForAuthKey(rawOne, 41, 100)
+	sm.BindUserForAuthKey(rawTwo, 42, 100)
+
+	sm.RefreshChannelSubscription(rawOne, 41, 100, 10, time.Second)
+	sm.RefreshChannelSubscription(rawTwo, 42, 100, 10, time.Second)
+	if got := sm.OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDs(10, 10); len(got) != 1 || got[0] != 100 {
+		t.Fatalf("deduplicated subscribers = %v, want [100]", got)
+	}
+	if got := sm.OnlineChannelIDsSnapshot(); len(got) != 1 || got[0] != 10 {
+		t.Fatalf("subscribed channel snapshot = %v, want [10]", got)
+	}
+
+	for channelID := int64(20); channelID < 20+maxChannelSubscriptionsPerSession; channelID++ {
+		sm.RefreshChannelSubscription(rawOne, 41, 100, channelID, time.Second)
+	}
+	// Channel 10 already consumes one of the ten slots, so channel 29 must be
+	// refused rather than growing the session-controlled index to eleven.
+	if got := sm.OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDs(29, 10); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("subscriber beyond per-session cap = %v, want empty", got)
+	}
+	if got := sm.OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDsExcluding(10, map[int64]struct{}{100: {}}, 10); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("excluded subscribers = %v, want empty", got)
+	}
+
+	sm.RefreshChannelSubscription(rawTwo, 42, 100, 99, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	time.Sleep(30 * time.Millisecond)
+	if got := sm.OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDs(99, 10); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expired subscribers = %v, want empty", got)
+	}
+
+	sm.Unregister(first)
+	sm.Unregister(second)
+	if got := sm.OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDs(10, 10); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("subscribers after unregister = %v, want empty", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSessionManagerClearsChannelIndexesOnAuthAndReadinessChanges(t *testing.T) {
 	sm := NewSessionManager(zaptest.NewLogger(t))
 	raw := [8]byte{1, 2, 3}
@@ -869,6 +914,7 @@ func TestSessionManagerClearsChannelIndexesOnAuthAndReadinessChanges(t *testing.
 
 	track := func() {
 		sm.TrackChannelInterest(raw, 42, 100, []int64{10})
+		sm.RefreshChannelSubscription(raw, 42, 100, 10, time.Second)
 		sm.SetSessionChannelMemberships(raw, 42, 100, []int64{10}, sm.ChannelMembershipGeneration(raw, 42))
 		if got := sm.OnlineChannelUserIDs(10, 10); len(got) != 1 || got[0] != 100 {
 			t.Fatalf("channel viewers before cleanup = %v, want [100]", got)
@@ -876,6 +922,9 @@ func TestSessionManagerClearsChannelIndexesOnAuthAndReadinessChanges(t *testing.
 		if got := sm.OnlineChannelMemberUserIDs(10, 10); len(got) != 1 || got[0] != 100 {
 			t.Fatalf("channel members before cleanup = %v, want [100]", got)
 		}
+		if got := sm.OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDs(10, 10); len(got) != 1 || got[0] != 100 {
+			t.Fatalf("channel subscribers before cleanup = %v, want [100]", got)
+		}
 	}
 	assertCleared := func(label string) {
 		if got := sm.OnlineChannelUserIDs(10, 10); len(got) != 0 {
@@ -884,6 +933,9 @@ func TestSessionManagerClearsChannelIndexesOnAuthAndReadinessChanges(t *testing.
 		if got := sm.OnlineChannelMemberUserIDs(10, 10); len(got) != 0 {
 			t.Fatalf("%s members = %v, want empty", label, got)
 		}
+		if got := sm.OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDs(10, 10); len(got) != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("%s subscribers = %v, want empty", label, got)
+		}
 	}
 
 	track()
diff --git a/internal/rpc/channel_fanout_dispatcher.go b/internal/rpc/channel_fanout_dispatcher.go
index 827aebd6..25e8d701 100644
--- a/internal/rpc/channel_fanout_dispatcher.go
+++ b/internal/rpc/channel_fanout_dispatcher.go
@@ -634,9 +634,9 @@ func (d *channelFanoutDispatcher) Enqueue(reqCtx context.Context, job channelFan
 		d.releaseQueuedJob(job)
 	}
 	d.dropped.Add(1)
-	if job.scope != channelFanoutMembers || job.pts <= 0 {
-		// 当前所有 enqueue 入口均为 members + durable pts；若未来新增其它 scope，必须先
-		// 定义其 overflow 恢复面，不能误把 viewer-only/no-pts 更新伪装成 channel nudge。
+	if job.scope != channelFanoutMembers && job.scope != channelFanoutMessageBox || job.pts <= 0 {
+		// 只有 durable member/message-box payload 可折叠为 channel nudge；viewer-only/no-pts
+		// 更新没有 difference 恢复契约，不能伪装成 channel PTS 水位。
 		d.log.Error("channel fanout queue full for non-coalescible job; overflow contract violated",
 			zap.Int64("channel_id", job.channelID), zap.Int("pts", job.pts), zap.Int("scope", int(job.scope)))
 		d.enqueueMu.RUnlock()
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ func (r *Router) runChannelFanoutOverflowNudge(ctx context.Context, channelID in
 	if r.deps.Sessions == nil || channelID == 0 || pts <= 0 {
 		return true
 	}
-	return r.nudgeBeyondCapChannelMembers(ctx, channelID, pts, nil)
+	return r.nudgeBeyondCapChannelMessageAudience(ctx, channelID, pts, nil)
 }
 
 // runChannelFanoutJob 执行一条 fan-out：与同步 pushChannelUpdatesWithScope 等价，区别是
@@ -918,6 +918,8 @@ func (r *Router) runChannelFanoutJob(ctx context.Context, job channelFanoutJob)
 	// 仅对会推进客户端 channel PtsWaiter 的真实 payload（members scope + 带 channel pts）做。
 	if job.scope == channelFanoutMembers && job.pts > 0 {
 		r.nudgeBeyondCapChannelMembers(pushCtx, job.channelID, job.pts, seen)
+	} else if job.scope == channelFanoutMessageBox && job.pts > 0 {
+		r.nudgeBeyondCapChannelMessageAudience(pushCtx, job.channelID, job.pts, seen)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -975,7 +977,7 @@ func (r *Router) enqueueChannelMessageFanout(ctx context.Context, originUserID i
 	fanoutCache := newViewerPeerCache(r)
 	ownerIDs := channelMessageFanoutOwnerIDs(res, extraUserIDs)
 	skip := skipDeliverySet(res.SkipDeliveryUserIDs)
-	r.enqueueChannelFanoutWithPrefetch(ctx, channelFanoutMembers, originUserID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients,
+	r.enqueueChannelFanoutWithPrefetch(ctx, channelFanoutMessageBox, originUserID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients,
 		0,
 		func(bgCtx context.Context, viewers []int64) {
 			r.prefetchChannelFanoutUsers(bgCtx, fanoutCache, viewers, ownerIDs)
@@ -1056,7 +1058,7 @@ func (r *Router) enqueueChannelEditMessageFanout(ctx context.Context, originUser
 	fanoutCache := newViewerPeerCache(r)
 	ownerIDs := channelEditMessageFanoutOwnerIDs(res)
 	nudgePts := max(res.Event.Pts, res.ServiceEvent.Pts)
-	r.enqueueChannelFanoutWithPrefetch(ctx, channelFanoutMembers, originUserID, res.Channel.ID, nudgePts, res.Recipients,
+	r.enqueueChannelFanoutWithPrefetch(ctx, channelFanoutMessageBox, originUserID, res.Channel.ID, nudgePts, res.Recipients,
 		0,
 		func(bgCtx context.Context, viewers []int64) {
 			r.prefetchChannelFanoutUsers(bgCtx, fanoutCache, viewers, ownerIDs)
@@ -1073,7 +1075,7 @@ func (r *Router) enqueueChannelMessagesFanout(ctx context.Context, originUserID,
 	r.enqueueBotAPIChannelMessagesUpdate(ctx, originUserID, results)
 	fanoutCache := newViewerPeerCache(r)
 	ownerIDs := channelMessagesFanoutOwnerIDs(results, extraUserIDs)
-	r.enqueueChannelFanoutWithPrefetch(ctx, channelFanoutMembers, originUserID, channelID, pts, recipients,
+	r.enqueueChannelFanoutWithPrefetch(ctx, channelFanoutMessageBox, originUserID, channelID, pts, recipients,
 		int64(len(results))*(64<<10),
 		func(bgCtx context.Context, viewers []int64) {
 			r.prefetchChannelFanoutUsers(bgCtx, fanoutCache, viewers, ownerIDs)
@@ -1136,3 +1138,81 @@ func (r *Router) nudgeBeyondCapChannelMembers(ctx context.Context, channelID int
 	}
 	return ctx.Err() == nil
 }
+
+// nudgeBeyondCapChannelMessageAudience extends member recovery to users with an
+// unexpired public-channel short-poll subscription. Subscribers are selected
+// first (normally a tiny set), then the remaining bounded capacity is filled
+// with joined members. One authoritative batched audience check prevents stale
+// runtime indexes from leaking even the channel id/pts to revoked viewers.
+func (r *Router) nudgeBeyondCapChannelMessageAudience(ctx context.Context, channelID int64, pts int, delivered map[int64]struct{}) bool {
+	if r.deps.Sessions == nil || channelID == 0 || pts <= 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	if r.deps.Channels == nil {
+		return r.nudgeBeyondCapChannelMembers(ctx, channelID, pts, delivered)
+	}
+	audience, ok := r.deps.Channels.(ChannelMessageAudienceService)
+	if !ok {
+		return r.nudgeBeyondCapChannelMembers(ctx, channelID, pts, delivered)
+	}
+	limit := r.channelNudgeMaxTargets()
+	excluded := make(map[int64]struct{}, len(delivered)+16)
+	for userID := range delivered {
+		excluded[userID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	candidates := make([]int64, 0, min(limit, 64))
+	if subscriptions, ok := r.deps.Sessions.(ChannelSubscriptionProvider); ok {
+		for _, userID := range subscriptions.OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDsExcluding(channelID, excluded, limit) {
+			if userID == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			excluded[userID] = struct{}{}
+			candidates = append(candidates, userID)
+			if len(candidates) >= limit {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(candidates) < limit {
+		if members, ok := r.deps.Sessions.(ChannelNudgeProvider); ok {
+			for _, userID := range members.OnlineChannelMemberUserIDsExcluding(channelID, excluded, limit-len(candidates)) {
+				if userID == 0 {
+					continue
+				}
+				excluded[userID] = struct{}{}
+				candidates = append(candidates, userID)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	targets, err := audience.FilterMessageAudienceIDs(ctx, channelID, candidates)
+	if err != nil {
+		r.log.Warn("channel message audience nudge authorization failed",
+			zap.Int64("channel_id", channelID), zap.Int("pts", pts), zap.Error(err))
+		return false
+	}
+	if len(targets) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	date := int(r.clock.Now().Unix())
+	tooLong := &tg.UpdateChannelTooLong{ChannelID: channelID}
+	tooLong.SetPts(pts)
+	updates := &tg.Updates{
+		Updates: []tg.UpdateClass{tooLong},
+		Users:   []tg.UserClass{},
+		Chats:   []tg.ChatClass{},
+		Date:    date,
+		Seq:     0,
+	}
+	for _, userID := range targets {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return false
+		default:
+		}
+		r.pushUserUpdates(ctx, userID, updates)
+	}
+	return true
+}
diff --git a/internal/rpc/channel_interest.go b/internal/rpc/channel_interest.go
index f65ed54c..a0d986f1 100644
--- a/internal/rpc/channel_interest.go
+++ b/internal/rpc/channel_interest.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package rpc
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"time"
 
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 const channelMembershipSyncPageSize = domain.MaxSynchronousChannelDialogFanout
+const publicChannelSubscriptionTTL = 75 * time.Second
 
 func (r *Router) trackChannelInterest(ctx context.Context, userID int64, channelIDs ...int64) {
 	if userID == 0 || r.deps.Sessions == nil {
@@ -37,6 +39,25 @@ func (r *Router) clearChannelInterest(ctx context.Context, userID int64) {
 	r.trackChannelInterest(ctx, userID)
 }
 
+func (r *Router) refreshPublicChannelSubscription(ctx context.Context, userID, channelID int64) {
+	if userID == 0 || channelID == 0 || r.deps.Sessions == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	provider, ok := r.deps.Sessions.(ChannelSubscriptionProvider)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	rawAuthKeyID, ok := RawAuthKeyIDFrom(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	sessionID, ok := SessionIDFrom(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	provider.RefreshChannelSubscription(rawAuthKeyID, sessionID, userID, channelID, publicChannelSubscriptionTTL)
+}
+
 func (r *Router) syncSessionChannelMemberships(ctx context.Context, userID int64) {
 	if userID == 0 || r.deps.Sessions == nil || r.deps.Channels == nil {
 		return
diff --git a/internal/rpc/channels_constants.go b/internal/rpc/channels_constants.go
index 62f3c760..5ca6539e 100644
--- a/internal/rpc/channels_constants.go
+++ b/internal/rpc/channels_constants.go
@@ -17,5 +17,8 @@ const (
 const (
 	channelFanoutMembers channelFanoutScope = iota
 	channelFanoutViewers
+	// channelFanoutMessageBox is the durable channel message-box audience:
+	// online members plus users with an unexpired public short-poll subscription.
+	channelFanoutMessageBox
 	channelFanoutExplicit
 )
diff --git a/internal/rpc/channels_legacy_chat.go b/internal/rpc/channels_legacy_chat.go
index 84766559..e3b16959 100644
--- a/internal/rpc/channels_legacy_chat.go
+++ b/internal/rpc/channels_legacy_chat.go
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ func (r *Router) enqueueChannelWallpaperFanout(ctx context.Context, originUserID
 	}
 	fanoutCache := newViewerPeerCache(r)
 	ownerIDs := channelMessageFanoutOwnerIDs(sendRes, nil)
-	r.enqueueChannelFanoutWithPrefetch(ctx, channelFanoutMembers, originUserID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients,
+	r.enqueueChannelFanoutWithPrefetch(ctx, channelFanoutMessageBox, originUserID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients,
 		0,
 		func(bgCtx context.Context, viewers []int64) {
 			r.prefetchChannelFanoutUsers(bgCtx, fanoutCache, viewers, ownerIDs)
diff --git a/internal/rpc/channels_messages.go b/internal/rpc/channels_messages.go
index f7a5c80c..a5703fb6 100644
--- a/internal/rpc/channels_messages.go
+++ b/internal/rpc/channels_messages.go
@@ -335,13 +335,13 @@ func (r *Router) onChannelsDeleteMessages(ctx context.Context, req *tg.ChannelsD
 	if res.Event.Pts != 0 {
 		// 删除 fan-out 异步化（设计 Phase 0）。channelDeleteMessagesUpdates 是纯 CPU 构建
 		// （不碰 PG、不取 ctx），async 无竞态；同 channel 串行保 pts 单调。
-		r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMembers, userID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
+		r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMessageBox, userID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
 			return r.channelDeleteMessagesUpdates(viewerUserID, res.Channel, res.Event)
 		})
 		// 被删 broadcast post 的讨论组转发根级联删除同样要让讨论组成员收敛。
 		for _, cascade := range res.DiscussionDeletes {
 			cascade := cascade
-			r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMembers, userID, cascade.Channel.ID, cascade.Event.Pts, cascade.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
+			r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMessageBox, userID, cascade.Channel.ID, cascade.Event.Pts, cascade.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
 				return r.channelDeleteMessagesUpdates(viewerUserID, cascade.Channel, cascade.Event)
 			})
 		}
@@ -357,12 +357,12 @@ func (r *Router) NotifyModerationChannelDeletion(ctx context.Context, res domain
 	if r == nil || res.Event.Pts == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMembers, domain.OfficialSystemUserID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
+	r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMessageBox, domain.OfficialSystemUserID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
 		return r.channelDeleteMessagesUpdates(viewerUserID, res.Channel, res.Event)
 	})
 	for _, cascade := range res.DiscussionDeletes {
 		cascade := cascade
-		r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMembers, domain.OfficialSystemUserID, cascade.Channel.ID, cascade.Event.Pts, cascade.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
+		r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMessageBox, domain.OfficialSystemUserID, cascade.Channel.ID, cascade.Event.Pts, cascade.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
 			return r.channelDeleteMessagesUpdates(viewerUserID, cascade.Channel, cascade.Event)
 		})
 	}
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ func (r *Router) onChannelsDeleteHistory(ctx context.Context, req *tg.ChannelsDe
 	pushBatch := func(batch domain.DeleteChannelHistoryResult) *tg.Updates {
 		out := r.channelDeleteMessagesUpdates(userID, batch.Channel, batch.Event)
 		// 每批 fan-out 异步化；批次按 pts 递增顺序入同一 channel 分片 → FIFO 保单调。
-		r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMembers, userID, batch.Channel.ID, batch.Event.Pts, batch.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
+		r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMessageBox, userID, batch.Channel.ID, batch.Event.Pts, batch.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
 			return r.channelDeleteMessagesUpdates(viewerUserID, batch.Channel, batch.Event)
 		})
 		return out
diff --git a/internal/rpc/channels_public_preview_rpc_test.go b/internal/rpc/channels_public_preview_rpc_test.go
index fe40fdbf..d4cdd678 100644
--- a/internal/rpc/channels_public_preview_rpc_test.go
+++ b/internal/rpc/channels_public_preview_rpc_test.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 
 func TestPublicChannelPreviewRPCsAllowNonMember(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
+	sessions := &captureSessions{}
 	userStore := memory.NewUserStore()
 	owner, _ := userStore.Create(ctx, domain.User{AccessHash: 92001, Phone: "15550092001", FirstName: "Owner"})
 	viewer, _ := userStore.Create(ctx, domain.User{AccessHash: 92002, Phone: "15550092002", FirstName: "Viewer"})
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ func TestPublicChannelPreviewRPCsAllowNonMember(t *testing.T) {
 		Users:    appusers.NewService(userStore),
 		Channels: channelService,
 		Dialogs:  dialogService,
+		Sessions: sessions,
 	}, zaptest.NewLogger(t), clock.System)
 	public, err := channelService.CreateChannel(ctx, owner.ID, domain.CreateChannelRequest{
 		Title:     "Public Preview RPC",
@@ -123,7 +125,8 @@ func TestPublicChannelPreviewRPCsAllowNonMember(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("history chat = %T %+v, want left public channel", history.Chats[0], history.Chats[0])
 	}
 
-	diff, err := r.onUpdatesGetChannelDifference(WithUserID(ctx, viewer.ID), &tg.UpdatesGetChannelDifferenceRequest{
+	viewerCtx := WithSessionID(WithRawAuthKeyID(WithUserID(ctx, viewer.ID), [8]byte{9, 2}), 9202)
+	diff, err := r.onUpdatesGetChannelDifference(viewerCtx, &tg.UpdatesGetChannelDifferenceRequest{
 		Channel: input,
 		Pts:     public.Event.Pts,
 		Limit:   10,
@@ -131,9 +134,66 @@ func TestPublicChannelPreviewRPCsAllowNonMember(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("non-member getChannelDifference public preview: %v", err)
 	}
-	emptyDiff, ok := diff.(*tg.UpdatesChannelDifferenceEmpty)
-	if !ok || !emptyDiff.Final || emptyDiff.Pts != sent.Event.Pts {
-		t.Fatalf("channel difference = %T %+v, want empty public preview difference at current pts", diff, diff)
+	fullDiff, ok := diff.(*tg.UpdatesChannelDifference)
+	if !ok || !fullDiff.Final || fullDiff.Pts != sent.Event.Pts || len(fullDiff.NewMessages) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("channel difference = %T %+v, want one public preview message", diff, diff)
+	}
+	message, ok := fullDiff.NewMessages[0].(*tg.Message)
+	if !ok || message.ID != sent.Message.ID || message.Message != sent.Message.Body {
+		t.Fatalf("channel difference message = %T %+v, want sent public post", fullDiff.NewMessages[0], fullDiff.NewMessages[0])
+	}
+	if subscribers := sessions.OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDs(public.Channel.ID, 10); len(subscribers) != 1 || subscribers[0] != viewer.ID {
+		t.Fatalf("public channel subscribers = %v, want viewer %d", subscribers, viewer.ID)
+	}
+
+	live, err := channelService.SendMessage(ctx, owner.ID, domain.SendChannelMessageRequest{
+		ChannelID: public.Channel.ID,
+		RandomID:  202,
+		Message:   "public preview live post",
+		Date:      1700010120,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("send live public post: %v", err)
+	}
+	sessions.clearMessages()
+	r.enqueueChannelMessageFanout(WithUserID(ctx, owner.ID), owner.ID, live, nil)
+	if !fanoutHasID(sessions.pushedUserIDs(), viewer.ID) {
+		t.Fatalf("live public preview fanout users = %v, want viewer %d", sessions.pushedUserIDs(), viewer.ID)
+	}
+	liveUpdates, ok := sessions.lastUserPush().(*tg.Updates)
+	if !ok || len(liveUpdates.Updates) == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("live public preview update = %T %+v", sessions.lastUserPush(), sessions.lastUserPush())
+	}
+	foundLive := false
+	for _, update := range liveUpdates.Updates {
+		newMessage, ok := update.(*tg.UpdateNewChannelMessage)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if item, ok := newMessage.Message.(*tg.Message); ok && item.ID == live.Message.ID && item.Message == live.Message.Body {
+			foundLive = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundLive {
+		t.Fatalf("live public preview updates = %+v, want new message %d", liveUpdates.Updates, live.Message.ID)
+	}
+	sessions.clearMessages()
+	if ok := r.runChannelFanoutOverflowNudge(ctx, public.Channel.ID, live.Event.Pts); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("public preview overflow nudge did not complete")
+	}
+	if !fanoutHasID(sessions.pushedUserIDs(), viewer.ID) {
+		t.Fatalf("public preview overflow nudge users = %v, want viewer %d", sessions.pushedUserIDs(), viewer.ID)
+	}
+	nudgeUpdates, ok := sessions.lastUserPush().(*tg.Updates)
+	if !ok || len(nudgeUpdates.Updates) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("public preview overflow nudge = %T %+v", sessions.lastUserPush(), sessions.lastUserPush())
+	}
+	tooLong, ok := nudgeUpdates.Updates[0].(*tg.UpdateChannelTooLong)
+	if !ok || tooLong.ChannelID != public.Channel.ID {
+		t.Fatalf("public preview overflow update = %T %+v, want channel %d tooLong", nudgeUpdates.Updates[0], nudgeUpdates.Updates[0], public.Channel.ID)
+	}
+	if pts, ok := tooLong.GetPts(); !ok || pts != live.Event.Pts {
+		t.Fatalf("public preview overflow pts = %d/%v, want %d", pts, ok, live.Event.Pts)
 	}
 
 	domainPeers, err := r.dialogPeersFromInput(WithUserID(ctx, viewer.ID), viewer.ID, []tg.InputDialogPeerClass{&tg.InputDialogPeer{Peer: peer}})
@@ -147,8 +207,12 @@ func TestPublicChannelPreviewRPCsAllowNonMember(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("dialog service public preview: %v", err)
 	}
-	if len(directPeerDialogs.Dialogs) != 0 || len(directPeerDialogs.ChannelMessages) != 0 || len(directPeerDialogs.Channels) != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("direct peer dialogs = %+v, want no public preview dialog/message/channel", directPeerDialogs)
+	if len(directPeerDialogs.Dialogs) != 1 || len(directPeerDialogs.ChannelMessages) != 0 || len(directPeerDialogs.Channels) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("direct peer dialogs = %+v, want one zero-top public preview bootstrap", directPeerDialogs)
+	}
+	directDialog := directPeerDialogs.Dialogs[0]
+	if directDialog.TopMessage != 0 || !directDialog.ChannelLeft || directDialog.Pts != live.Event.Pts {
+		t.Fatalf("direct public preview dialog = %+v, want left zero-top bootstrap", directDialog)
 	}
 
 	peerDialogsReq := &tg.MessagesGetPeerDialogsRequest{
@@ -166,8 +230,17 @@ func TestPublicChannelPreviewRPCsAllowNonMember(t *testing.T) {
 	if !ok {
 		t.Fatalf("getPeerDialogs response = %T, want peer dialogs", peerDialogsEnc)
 	}
-	if len(peerDialogs.Dialogs) != 0 || len(peerDialogs.Messages) != 0 || len(peerDialogs.Chats) != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("peer dialogs = %+v, want no public preview dialog/message/channel", peerDialogs)
+	if len(peerDialogs.Dialogs) != 1 || len(peerDialogs.Messages) != 0 || len(peerDialogs.Chats) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("peer dialogs = %+v, want one zero-top public preview bootstrap", peerDialogs)
+	}
+	tgDialog, ok := peerDialogs.Dialogs[0].(*tg.Dialog)
+	if !ok || tgDialog.TopMessage != 0 || tgDialog.ReadInboxMaxID != 0 ||
+		tgDialog.ReadOutboxMaxID != 0 || tgDialog.UnreadCount != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("peer dialog = %T %+v, want zero-state dialog", peerDialogs.Dialogs[0], peerDialogs.Dialogs[0])
+	}
+	peerDialogChat, ok := peerDialogs.Chats[0].(*tg.Channel)
+	if !ok || !peerDialogChat.Left || peerDialogChat.ID != public.Channel.ID {
+		t.Fatalf("peer dialog chat = %T %+v, want left public channel", peerDialogs.Chats[0], peerDialogs.Chats[0])
 	}
 
 	if _, err := channelService.JoinChannel(ctx, viewer.ID, public.Channel.ID, 1700010120); err != nil {
diff --git a/internal/rpc/channels_stubs.go b/internal/rpc/channels_stubs.go
index 9527c716..5d4ff631 100644
--- a/internal/rpc/channels_stubs.go
+++ b/internal/rpc/channels_stubs.go
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ func (r *Router) onMessagesUnpinAllMessages(ctx context.Context, req *tg.Message
 		return nil, channelAdminErr(err)
 	}
 	r.invalidateRPCProjectionForChannel(res.Channel.ID)
-	r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMembers, userID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
+	r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMessageBox, userID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
 		return r.channelPinnedUpdates(viewerUserID, res)
 	})
 	return &tg.MessagesAffectedHistory{
@@ -370,23 +370,41 @@ func (r *Router) channelFanoutRecipients(ctx context.Context, scope channelFanou
 		online = provider.OnlineChannelMemberUserIDs(channelID, domain.MaxChannelRealtimeFanout)
 	case channelFanoutViewers:
 		online = provider.OnlineChannelUserIDs(channelID, domain.MaxChannelRealtimeFanout)
+	case channelFanoutMessageBox:
+		online = provider.OnlineChannelMemberUserIDs(channelID, domain.MaxChannelRealtimeFanout)
+		if subscriptions, ok := r.deps.Sessions.(ChannelSubscriptionProvider); ok {
+			online = append(online, subscriptions.OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDs(channelID, domain.MaxChannelRealtimeFanout)...)
+		}
 	}
 	if len(online) == 0 {
 		return uniqueRecipientIDs(explicit)
 	}
-	active, err := r.deps.Channels.FilterActiveMemberIDs(ctx, channelID, online)
+	var (
+		authorized []int64
+		err        error
+	)
+	if scope == channelFanoutMembers {
+		authorized, err = r.deps.Channels.FilterActiveMemberIDs(ctx, channelID, online)
+	} else if audience, ok := r.deps.Channels.(ChannelMessageAudienceService); ok {
+		authorized, err = audience.FilterMessageAudienceIDs(ctx, channelID, online)
+	} else {
+		// Test/minimal adapters without public-preview authorization retain the
+		// former member-only behavior; production channels.Service implements
+		// ChannelMessageAudienceService.
+		authorized, err = r.deps.Channels.FilterActiveMemberIDs(ctx, channelID, online)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return uniqueRecipientIDs(explicit)
 	}
-	if len(active) == 0 && len(explicit) == 0 {
+	if len(authorized) == 0 && len(explicit) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if len(active) > domain.MaxChannelRealtimeFanout {
-		active = active[:domain.MaxChannelRealtimeFanout]
+	if len(authorized) > domain.MaxChannelRealtimeFanout {
+		authorized = authorized[:domain.MaxChannelRealtimeFanout]
 	}
-	out := uniqueRecipientIDs(active)
+	out := uniqueRecipientIDs(authorized)
 	seen := make(map[int64]struct{}, len(out)+len(explicit))
-	for _, userID := range active {
+	for _, userID := range authorized {
 		if userID == 0 {
 			continue
 		}
diff --git a/internal/rpc/channels_topics.go b/internal/rpc/channels_topics.go
index 0b769fe8..e57bcf39 100644
--- a/internal/rpc/channels_topics.go
+++ b/internal/rpc/channels_topics.go
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ func (r *Router) onMessagesUpdatePinnedMessage(ctx context.Context, req *tg.Mess
 	// builder 无 Users 数组（仅 pinned update + ChatMin），无需 owner 预热。pin 的真实变更由
 	// UpdatePinnedChannelMessages{pts} 承载、可经 getChannelDifference 兜底，bundled 的无 pts
 	// UpdateChannel 对 pin 冗余（pts payload 已含变更），丢弃无害——与 unpinAll 取舍一致。
-	r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMembers, userID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
+	r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMessageBox, userID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
 		return r.channelPinnedUpdates(viewerUserID, res)
 	})
 	return updates, nil
diff --git a/internal/rpc/channels_updates.go b/internal/rpc/channels_updates.go
index 66bebb59..bf63f3b6 100644
--- a/internal/rpc/channels_updates.go
+++ b/internal/rpc/channels_updates.go
@@ -45,6 +45,12 @@ func (r *Router) onUpdatesGetChannelDifference(ctx context.Context, req *tg.Upda
 		}
 		return nil, channelInvalidErr(err)
 	}
+	if diff.Channel.Username != "" && diff.Self.Status != domain.ChannelMemberActive {
+		// Telegram's public-channel passive delivery is enabled only after a
+		// successful short-poll difference. The runtime subscription is renewed
+		// by subsequent polls and never creates membership/dialog/read state.
+		r.refreshPublicChannelSubscription(ctx, userID, channelID)
+	}
 	diff = r.enrichChannelDifference(ctx, userID, diff)
 	out := tgChannelDifference(userID, diff)
 	if linked, ok := r.linkedDiscussionChat(ctx, userID, channelID); ok {
diff --git a/internal/rpc/deps.go b/internal/rpc/deps.go
index 7375f64c..495a0d3b 100644
--- a/internal/rpc/deps.go
+++ b/internal/rpc/deps.go
@@ -214,6 +214,16 @@ type OnlineUserProvider interface {
 	OnlineChannelMemberUserIDs(channelID int64, limit int) []int64
 }
 
+// ChannelSubscriptionProvider is the bounded process-local implementation of
+// Telegram's public-channel short-poll subscription. A successful
+// updates.getChannelDifference refresh from one session enables passive channel
+// updates for the whole user account until the subscription expires.
+type ChannelSubscriptionProvider interface {
+	RefreshChannelSubscription(rawAuthKeyID [8]byte, sessionID, userID, channelID int64, ttl time.Duration)
+	OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDs(channelID int64, limit int) []int64
+	OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDsExcluding(channelID int64, exclude map[int64]struct{}, limit int) []int64
+}
+
 // ChannelNudgeProvider 暴露「频道在线成员中排除已投递集合后的剩余 user id」，用于 >cap
 // 在线成员的 UpdateChannelTooLong nudge（P0-8）。SessionManager 实现；测试/未装配 fake 可不实现
 // （type-assert 失败时跳过 nudge，不影响完整 payload 投递）。
@@ -761,6 +771,13 @@ type ChannelsService interface {
 	FilterActiveMemberIDs(ctx context.Context, channelID int64, userIDs []int64) ([]int64, error)
 }
 
+// ChannelMessageAudienceService is the optional production authorization
+// boundary for public short-poll subscribers. Lightweight test/domain adapters
+// that only model joined members may omit it and retain member-only behavior.
+type ChannelMessageAudienceService interface {
+	FilterMessageAudienceIDs(ctx context.Context, channelID int64, userIDs []int64) ([]int64, error)
+}
+
 // ChannelAuthoritativeProjectionService bypasses long-lived channel read
 // models for a durable channel_state refresh emitted by an admin mutation.
 type ChannelAuthoritativeProjectionService interface {
diff --git a/internal/rpc/expiry_dispatcher.go b/internal/rpc/expiry_dispatcher.go
index a02d7af9..4d7ad82e 100644
--- a/internal/rpc/expiry_dispatcher.go
+++ b/internal/rpc/expiry_dispatcher.go
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func (d *ExpiryDispatcher) dispatchChannels(ctx context.Context, now int) bool {
 			d.log.Warn("delete expired channel messages", zap.Int64("channel_id", req.ChannelID), zap.Ints("ids", req.IDs), zap.Error(err))
 			continue
 		}
-		d.router.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMembers, req.UserID, req.ChannelID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
+		d.router.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMessageBox, req.UserID, req.ChannelID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
 			return d.router.channelDeleteMessagesUpdates(viewerUserID, res.Channel, res.Event)
 		})
 	}
diff --git a/internal/rpc/messages_delete.go b/internal/rpc/messages_delete.go
index 69b2f8be..b66fd3a7 100644
--- a/internal/rpc/messages_delete.go
+++ b/internal/rpc/messages_delete.go
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func (r *Router) onMessagesDeleteHistory(ctx context.Context, req *tg.MessagesDe
 			return nil, channelDeleteErr(err)
 		}
 		if res.Event.Pts != 0 {
-			r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMembers, userID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
+			r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMessageBox, userID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
 				return r.channelDeleteMessagesUpdates(viewerUserID, res.Channel, res.Event)
 			})
 			return &tg.MessagesAffectedHistory{Pts: res.Event.Pts, PtsCount: res.Event.PtsCount, Offset: res.Offset}, nil
diff --git a/internal/rpc/messages_forum.go b/internal/rpc/messages_forum.go
index b85a7442..4a0e939a 100644
--- a/internal/rpc/messages_forum.go
+++ b/internal/rpc/messages_forum.go
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ func (r *Router) onMessagesDeleteTopicHistory(ctx context.Context, req *tg.Messa
 		return nil, forumTopicError(err)
 	}
 	if res.Event.Pts != 0 {
-		r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMembers, userID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
+		r.enqueueChannelFanout(ctx, channelFanoutMessageBox, userID, res.Channel.ID, res.Event.Pts, res.Recipients, func(_ context.Context, viewerUserID int64) *tg.Updates {
 			return &tg.Updates{
 				Updates: []tg.UpdateClass{tgChannelUpdate(viewerUserID, res.Event)},
 				Chats:   []tg.ChatClass{tgChannelChatMin(viewerUserID, res.Channel)},
diff --git a/internal/rpc/rpc_testkit_sessions_test.go b/internal/rpc/rpc_testkit_sessions_test.go
index df973112..457e8ad7 100644
--- a/internal/rpc/rpc_testkit_sessions_test.go
+++ b/internal/rpc/rpc_testkit_sessions_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package rpc
 import (
 	"context"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/iamxvbaba/td/bin"
 	"github.com/iamxvbaba/td/proto"
@@ -10,22 +11,23 @@ import (
 )
 
 type captureSessions struct {
-	mu              sync.Mutex
-	rawAuthKeyID    [8]byte
-	sessionID       int64
-	userID          int64
-	userResolved    bool
-	authKeyID       [8]byte
-	authKeyResolved bool
-	receives        bool
-	receivesCalls   int
-	messageType     proto.MessageType
-	message         bin.Encoder
-	userMessage     bin.Encoder // 最近一次 PushToUser* 的消息（与 message 区分：message 也被 PushToSession 覆盖）
-	pushUserIDs     []int64
-	onlineUserIDs   []int64
-	channelViewers  map[int64][]int64
-	channelMembers  map[int64][]int64
+	mu                 sync.Mutex
+	rawAuthKeyID       [8]byte
+	sessionID          int64
+	userID             int64
+	userResolved       bool
+	authKeyID          [8]byte
+	authKeyResolved    bool
+	receives           bool
+	receivesCalls      int
+	messageType        proto.MessageType
+	message            bin.Encoder
+	userMessage        bin.Encoder // 最近一次 PushToUser* 的消息（与 message 区分：message 也被 PushToSession 覆盖）
+	pushUserIDs        []int64
+	onlineUserIDs      []int64
+	channelViewers     map[int64][]int64
+	channelMembers     map[int64][]int64
+	channelSubscribers map[int64][]int64
 	// channelViewersLimit 记录最近一次 OnlineChannelUserIDs 收到的 limit，验证 fan-out 封顶传参。
 	channelViewersLimit int
 }
@@ -258,6 +260,42 @@ func (s *captureSessions) OnlineChannelUserIDs(channelID int64, limit int) []int
 	return limitIDs(s.channelViewers[channelID], limit)
 }
 
+func (s *captureSessions) RefreshChannelSubscription(_ [8]byte, _ int64, userID, channelID int64, _ time.Duration) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if s.channelSubscribers == nil {
+		s.channelSubscribers = make(map[int64][]int64)
+	}
+	for _, existing := range s.channelSubscribers[channelID] {
+		if existing == userID {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	s.channelSubscribers[channelID] = append(s.channelSubscribers[channelID], userID)
+}
+
+func (s *captureSessions) OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDs(channelID int64, limit int) []int64 {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return limitIDs(s.channelSubscribers[channelID], limit)
+}
+
+func (s *captureSessions) OnlineChannelSubscriberUserIDsExcluding(channelID int64, exclude map[int64]struct{}, limit int) []int64 {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	out := make([]int64, 0, len(s.channelSubscribers[channelID]))
+	for _, userID := range s.channelSubscribers[channelID] {
+		if _, skip := exclude[userID]; skip {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, userID)
+		if limit > 0 && len(out) >= limit {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
 func (s *captureSessions) ChannelMembershipGeneration(_ [8]byte, _ int64) int64 { return 0 }
 
 func (s *captureSessions) SetSessionChannelMemberships(_ [8]byte, _ int64, userID int64, channelIDs []int64, _ int64) {
diff --git a/internal/store/channel.go b/internal/store/channel.go
index e68a32bc..519af694 100644
--- a/internal/store/channel.go
+++ b/internal/store/channel.go
@@ -183,6 +183,10 @@ type ChannelStore interface {
 	ListActiveChannelMembers(ctx context.Context, viewerUserID, channelID int64, limit int) (domain.Channel, domain.ChannelMember, []domain.ChannelMember, error)
 	ListChannelInviteAdminMemberIDs(ctx context.Context, channelID int64, limit int) ([]int64, error)
 	FilterActiveChannelMemberIDs(ctx context.Context, channelID int64, userIDs []int64) ([]int64, error)
+	// FilterChannelMessageAudienceIDs authoritatively intersects a bounded online
+	// candidate set with users allowed to receive channel message-box updates:
+	// active members plus non-banned public-channel preview subscribers.
+	FilterChannelMessageAudienceIDs(ctx context.Context, channelID int64, userIDs []int64) ([]int64, error)
 	MaxChannelPts(ctx context.Context, channelID int64) (int, error)
 	// MaxChannelPtsBatch returns existing channel watermarks with one bounded store round trip.
 	// Missing/deleted ids are omitted so a stale process-local membership key cannot poison the
diff --git a/internal/store/memory/channel_members.go b/internal/store/memory/channel_members.go
index 3aec3389..14e63cc0 100644
--- a/internal/store/memory/channel_members.go
+++ b/internal/store/memory/channel_members.go
@@ -892,6 +892,42 @@ func (s *ChannelStore) FilterActiveChannelMemberIDs(_ context.Context, channelID
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (s *ChannelStore) FilterChannelMessageAudienceIDs(_ context.Context, channelID int64, userIDs []int64) ([]int64, error) {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	if channelID == 0 || len(userIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	channel, ok := s.channels[channelID]
+	if !ok || channel.Deleted {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	public := publicPreviewableChannel(channel)
+	members := s.members[channelID]
+	out := make([]int64, 0, len(userIDs))
+	seen := make(map[int64]struct{}, len(userIDs))
+	for _, userID := range userIDs {
+		if userID == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := seen[userID]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[userID] = struct{}{}
+		member, found := members[userID]
+		if member.BannedRights.ViewMessages ||
+			member.Status == domain.ChannelMemberKicked ||
+			member.Status == domain.ChannelMemberBanned {
+			continue
+		}
+		if member.Status == domain.ChannelMemberActive || public && (!found || member.Status == domain.ChannelMemberLeft) {
+			out = append(out, userID)
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool { return out[i] < out[j] })
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 func (s *ChannelStore) ListActiveChannelMembers(_ context.Context, viewerUserID, channelID int64, limit int) (domain.Channel, domain.ChannelMember, []domain.ChannelMember, error) {
 	s.mu.RLock()
 	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
diff --git a/internal/store/memory/channel_updates.go b/internal/store/memory/channel_updates.go
index 033daca0..2afdc3f9 100644
--- a/internal/store/memory/channel_updates.go
+++ b/internal/store/memory/channel_updates.go
@@ -31,16 +31,6 @@ func (s *ChannelStore) ListChannelDifference(_ context.Context, req domain.Chann
 	if preview {
 		dialog = previewChannelDialog(req.UserID, channel, member)
 	}
-	if preview && member.Status != domain.ChannelMemberActive {
-		return domain.ChannelDifference{
-			Channel: channel,
-			Self:    member,
-			Pts:     channel.Pts,
-			Final:   true,
-			Timeout: 30,
-			Dialog:  dialog,
-		}, nil
-	}
 	checkpoint := s.channelUpdateCheckpointLocked(req.ChannelID, channel)
 	if req.Pts < checkpoint.RetainedThroughPts || channel.Pts-req.Pts > limit {
 		messages := make([]domain.ChannelMessage, 0, domain.MaxChannelDifferenceTooLongMessages)
@@ -81,10 +71,15 @@ func (s *ChannelStore) ListChannelDifference(_ context.Context, req domain.Chann
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	scanned := 0
 	for _, event := range s.events[req.ChannelID] {
 		if event.Pts <= req.Pts {
 			continue
 		}
+		if scanned >= limit {
+			break
+		}
+		scanned++
 		lastPts = event.Pts
 		visible, ok := domain.FilterChannelUpdateEventForAvailableMinID(cloneChannelEvent(event), member.AvailableMinID)
 		if !ok {
@@ -106,7 +101,7 @@ func (s *ChannelStore) ListChannelDifference(_ context.Context, req domain.Chann
 			Channel: channel,
 			Self:    member,
 			Pts:     maxInt(lastPts, req.Pts),
-			Final:   true,
+			Final:   lastPts >= channel.Pts,
 			Timeout: 30,
 			Dialog:  dialog,
 		}, nil
diff --git a/internal/store/postgres/channel_difference_integration_test.go b/internal/store/postgres/channel_difference_integration_test.go
index 842949e9..8a0d8577 100644
--- a/internal/store/postgres/channel_difference_integration_test.go
+++ b/internal/store/postgres/channel_difference_integration_test.go
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func TestChannelStoreDifferenceStartsAtMemberAvailableMinPts(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestChannelStorePublicPreviewDifferenceSkipsNonMemberMessages(t *testing.T) {
+func TestChannelStorePublicPreviewDifferenceReplaysVisibleMessages(t *testing.T) {
 	pool := testPool(t)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	suffix := randomSuffix(t)
@@ -183,12 +183,57 @@ func TestChannelStorePublicPreviewDifferenceSkipsNonMemberMessages(t *testing.T)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("list public preview difference: %v", err)
 	}
-	if !diff.Final || diff.Pts != sent.Event.Pts || len(diff.Events) != 0 || len(diff.NewMessages) != 0 || len(diff.OtherUpdates) != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("preview diff = %+v, want empty public preview difference at current pts", diff)
+	if !diff.Final || diff.Pts != sent.Event.Pts || len(diff.Events) != 1 || len(diff.NewMessages) != 1 || len(diff.OtherUpdates) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("preview diff = %+v, want one durable public preview message at pts %d", diff, sent.Event.Pts)
+	}
+	if diff.NewMessages[0].ID != sent.Message.ID || diff.NewMessages[0].Body != sent.Message.Body {
+		t.Fatalf("preview diff message = %+v, want sent message %+v", diff.NewMessages[0], sent.Message)
 	}
 	if diff.Dialog.UnreadCount != 0 || diff.Dialog.ReadInboxMaxID < sent.Message.ID {
 		t.Fatalf("preview diff dialog = %+v, want read-only public preview dialog", diff.Dialog)
 	}
+	edited, err := channels.EditChannelMessage(ctx, domain.EditChannelMessageRequest{
+		UserID: owner.ID, ChannelID: channelID, ID: sent.Message.ID,
+		Message: "public preview edited", EditDate: 1700000372,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("edit public preview message: %v", err)
+	}
+	pinned, err := channels.UpdatePinnedMessage(ctx, domain.UpdateChannelPinnedMessageRequest{
+		UserID: owner.ID, ChannelID: channelID, MessageID: sent.Message.ID,
+		Pinned: true, Date: 1700000373,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("pin public preview message: %v", err)
+	}
+	deleted, err := channels.DeleteChannelMessages(ctx, domain.DeleteChannelMessagesRequest{
+		UserID: owner.ID, ChannelID: channelID, IDs: []int{sent.Message.ID}, Date: 1700000374,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("delete public preview message: %v", err)
+	}
+	mutations, err := channels.ListChannelDifference(ctx, domain.ChannelDifferenceRequest{
+		UserID: viewer.ID, ChannelID: channelID, Pts: sent.Event.Pts, Limit: 10,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list public preview mutations: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !mutations.Final || mutations.Pts != deleted.Event.Pts || len(mutations.NewMessages) != 0 || len(mutations.OtherUpdates) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("public preview mutations = %+v, want edit/pin/delete through pts %d", mutations, deleted.Event.Pts)
+	}
+	wantTypes := []domain.ChannelUpdateEventType{
+		domain.ChannelUpdateEditMessage,
+		domain.ChannelUpdatePinnedMessages,
+		domain.ChannelUpdateDeleteMessages,
+	}
+	for i, want := range wantTypes {
+		if mutations.OtherUpdates[i].Type != want {
+			t.Fatalf("public preview mutation[%d] = %+v, want %s", i, mutations.OtherUpdates[i], want)
+		}
+	}
+	if edited.Event.Pts >= pinned.Event.Pts || pinned.Event.Pts >= deleted.Event.Pts {
+		t.Fatalf("public preview mutation pts = edit %d pin %d delete %d, want strictly increasing", edited.Event.Pts, pinned.Event.Pts, deleted.Event.Pts)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestChannelStoreDifferenceUsesDurableMessageSnapshots(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/internal/store/postgres/channel_member_list.go b/internal/store/postgres/channel_member_list.go
index 94188cf3..c2c4e280 100644
--- a/internal/store/postgres/channel_member_list.go
+++ b/internal/store/postgres/channel_member_list.go
@@ -360,3 +360,52 @@ ORDER BY user_id`, channelID, candidates[start:end])
 	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool { return out[i] < out[j] })
 	return out, nil
 }
+
+func (s *ChannelStore) FilterChannelMessageAudienceIDs(ctx context.Context, channelID int64, userIDs []int64) ([]int64, error) {
+	if channelID == 0 || len(userIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	candidates := uniqueChannelUserIDs(userIDs, 0)
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	out := make([]int64, 0, len(candidates))
+	for start := 0; start < len(candidates); start += channelMemberFilterBatch {
+		end := start + channelMemberFilterBatch
+		if end > len(candidates) {
+			end = len(candidates)
+		}
+		rows, err := s.db.Query(ctx, `
+SELECT candidate.user_id
+FROM channels c
+CROSS JOIN unnest($2::bigint[]) AS candidate(user_id)
+LEFT JOIN channel_members m
+  ON m.channel_id = c.id AND m.user_id = candidate.user_id
+WHERE c.id = $1
+  AND NOT c.deleted
+  AND NOT COALESCE((m.banned_rights->>'ViewMessages')::boolean, false)
+  AND COALESCE(m.status, '') NOT IN ('kicked', 'banned')
+  AND (
+    m.status = 'active'
+    OR (COALESCE(c.username, '') <> '' AND COALESCE(m.status, 'left') = 'left')
+  )
+ORDER BY candidate.user_id`, channelID, candidates[start:end])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("filter channel message audience: %w", err)
+		}
+		for rows.Next() {
+			var userID int64
+			if err := rows.Scan(&userID); err != nil {
+				rows.Close()
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			out = append(out, userID)
+		}
+		if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+			rows.Close()
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		rows.Close()
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
diff --git a/internal/store/postgres/channel_public_preview_integration_test.go b/internal/store/postgres/channel_public_preview_integration_test.go
index 4a7657a5..169dae66 100644
--- a/internal/store/postgres/channel_public_preview_integration_test.go
+++ b/internal/store/postgres/channel_public_preview_integration_test.go
@@ -75,12 +75,42 @@ func TestPublicChannelAndMegagroupPreviewPostgres(t *testing.T) {
 			if !found || history.Self.Status != domain.ChannelMemberLeft {
 				t.Fatalf("preview history = %+v self=%+v", history.Messages, history.Self)
 			}
+			audience, err := channels.FilterChannelMessageAudienceIDs(ctx, public.ID, []int64{viewer.ID, owner.ID, viewer.ID})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("filter public message audience: %v", err)
+			}
+			if len(audience) != 2 || audience[0] != owner.ID || audience[1] != viewer.ID {
+				t.Fatalf("public message audience = %v, want owner/member and viewer/subscriber", audience)
+			}
+			diff, err := channels.ListChannelDifference(ctx, domain.ChannelDifferenceRequest{
+				UserID: viewer.ID, ChannelID: public.ID, Pts: created.Event.Pts, Limit: 20,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("public preview difference: %v", err)
+			}
+			if !diff.Final || diff.Pts != sent.Event.Pts || len(diff.NewMessages) != 1 || diff.NewMessages[0].ID != sent.Message.ID {
+				t.Fatalf("public preview difference = %+v, want sent message through pts %d", diff, sent.Event.Pts)
+			}
 			if _, err := channels.GetParticipants(ctx, viewer.ID, public.ID, domain.ChannelParticipantsFilter{Kind: domain.ChannelParticipantsRecent}, 0, 20); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("public preview participants: %v", err)
 			}
 			if _, err := channels.GetParticipant(ctx, viewer.ID, public.ID, viewer.ID); !errors.Is(err, domain.ErrUserNotParticipant) {
 				t.Fatalf("public preview self participant err = %v, want ErrUserNotParticipant", err)
 			}
+			dialogs := appdialogs.NewService(nil, channels)
+			peerDialogs, err := dialogs.GetPeerDialogs(ctx, viewer.ID, []domain.Peer{{Type: domain.PeerTypeChannel, ID: public.ID}})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("public preview peer dialogs: %v", err)
+			}
+			if len(peerDialogs.Dialogs) != 1 || len(peerDialogs.ChannelMessages) != 0 || len(peerDialogs.Channels) != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("public preview peer dialogs = %+v, want one zero-top bootstrap", peerDialogs)
+			}
+			previewDialog := peerDialogs.Dialogs[0]
+			if previewDialog.TopMessage != 0 || !previewDialog.ChannelLeft ||
+				previewDialog.ReadInboxMaxID != 0 || previewDialog.ReadOutboxMaxID != 0 ||
+				previewDialog.Pts != sent.Event.Pts {
+				t.Fatalf("public preview bootstrap dialog = %+v", previewDialog)
+			}
 			var memberExists bool
 			if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT EXISTS (
 SELECT 1 FROM channel_members WHERE channel_id = $1 AND user_id = $2
@@ -96,6 +126,28 @@ SELECT 1 FROM channel_members WHERE channel_id = $1 AND user_id = $2
 			if _, err := channels.LeaveChannel(ctx, public.ID, viewer.ID, 1700009430+i); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("leave public peer: %v", err)
 			}
+			filtered, err := channels.ListChannelDifference(ctx, domain.ChannelDifferenceRequest{
+				UserID: viewer.ID, ChannelID: public.ID, Pts: sent.Event.Pts, Limit: 20,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("public difference across participant events: %v", err)
+			}
+			if tc.broadcast {
+				if !filtered.Final || filtered.Pts != sent.Event.Pts || len(filtered.Events) != 0 ||
+					len(filtered.NewMessages) != 0 || len(filtered.OtherUpdates) != 0 {
+					t.Fatalf("broadcast difference after transient participant changes = %+v, want unchanged PTS", filtered)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if !filtered.Final || filtered.Pts <= sent.Event.Pts || len(filtered.NewMessages) != 2 ||
+					len(filtered.OtherUpdates) != 0 {
+					t.Fatalf("megagroup join/leave difference = %+v, want two real service messages", filtered)
+				}
+				for _, message := range filtered.NewMessages {
+					if message.Action == nil {
+						t.Fatalf("megagroup join/leave difference message = %+v, want service action", message)
+					}
+				}
+			}
 			if _, err := channels.GetParticipant(ctx, viewer.ID, public.ID, viewer.ID); !errors.Is(err, domain.ErrUserNotParticipant) {
 				t.Fatalf("left self participant err = %v, want ErrUserNotParticipant", err)
 			}
@@ -112,6 +164,9 @@ SELECT 1 FROM channel_members WHERE channel_id = $1 AND user_id = $2
 		t.Fatalf("create private group: %v", err)
 	}
 	channelIDs = append(channelIDs, private.Channel.ID)
+	if audience, err := channels.FilterChannelMessageAudienceIDs(ctx, private.Channel.ID, []int64{viewer.ID}); err != nil || len(audience) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("private message audience = %v err %v, want empty", audience, err)
+	}
 	if _, err := channels.ListChannelHistory(ctx, viewer.ID, domain.ChannelHistoryFilter{ChannelID: private.Channel.ID, Limit: 20}); !errors.Is(err, domain.ErrChannelPrivate) {
 		t.Fatalf("private preview history err = %v, want ErrChannelPrivate", err)
 	}
diff --git a/internal/store/postgres/channel_updates.go b/internal/store/postgres/channel_updates.go
index 24bef8ae..e18d84b9 100644
--- a/internal/store/postgres/channel_updates.go
+++ b/internal/store/postgres/channel_updates.go
@@ -27,16 +27,6 @@ func (s *ChannelStore) ListChannelDifference(ctx context.Context, req domain.Cha
 	if limit <= 0 || limit > domain.MaxChannelDifferenceLimit {
 		limit = domain.MaxChannelDifferenceLimit
 	}
-	if preview && member.Status != domain.ChannelMemberActive {
-		return domain.ChannelDifference{
-			Channel: channel,
-			Self:    member,
-			Pts:     channel.Pts,
-			Final:   true,
-			Timeout: 30,
-			Dialog:  previewChannelDialog(req.UserID, channel, member),
-		}, nil
-	}
 	checkpoint, err := getChannelUpdateCheckpoint(ctx, s.db, req.ChannelID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return domain.ChannelDifference{}, err