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mastodon/docs/Running-Mastodon/Production-guide.md

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Production guide
================
## Nginx
Regardless of whether you go with the Docker approach or not, here is an example Nginx server configuration:
```nginx
map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
default upgrade;
'' close;
}
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server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name example.com;
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
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server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name example.com;
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ssl_protocols TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers EECDH+AESGCM:EECDH+AES;
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ssl_ecdh_curve prime256v1;
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ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
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ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
keepalive_timeout 70;
sendfile on;
client_max_body_size 0;
root /home/mastodon/live/public;
gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
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add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains";
location / {
try_files $uri @proxy;
}
location @proxy {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
proxy_set_header Proxy "";
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proxy_pass_header Server;
proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;
proxy_buffering off;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
tcp_nodelay on;
}
location /api/v1/streaming {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
proxy_set_header Proxy "";
proxy_pass http://localhost:4000;
proxy_buffering off;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
tcp_nodelay on;
}
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error_page 500 501 502 503 504 /500.html;
}
```
## Running in production without Docker
It is recommended to create a special user for mastodon on the server (you could call the user `mastodon`), though remember to disable outside login for it. You should only be able to get into that user through `sudo su - mastodon`.
## General dependencies
sudo apt-get install imagemagick ffmpeg libpq-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev nodejs file git curl
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curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_4.x | sudo bash -
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sudo apt-get install nodejs
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sudo npm install -g yarn
## Redis
sudo apt-get install redis-server redis-tools
## Postgres
sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib
Setup a user and database for Mastodon:
sudo su - postgres
psql
In the prompt:
CREATE USER mastodon CREATEDB;
\q
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## Rbenv
It is recommended to use rbenv (exclusively from the `mastodon` user) to install the desired Ruby version. Follow the guides to [install rbenv][1] and [rbenv-build][2] (I recommend checking the [prerequisites][3] for your system on the rbenv-build project and installing them beforehand, obviously outside the unprivileged `mastodon` user)
[1]: https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv#installation
[2]: https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build#installation
[3]: https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build/wiki#suggested-build-environment
Version bumps for ruby and misc gems (#1159) * Update rspec-rails to version 3.5.2 * Update addressable to version 2.5.1 * Update autoprefixer-rails to version 6.7.7.1 * Update bullet to version 5.5.1 * Update domain_name to version 0.5.20170404 * Update letter_opener_web to version 1.3.1 * Upate redis-rails to version 5.0.2 * Update active_record_query_trace to version 1.5.4 * Update capistrano-rails to version 1.2.3 * Update dotenv-rails to version 2.2.0 * Update pg to version 0.20.0 * Update tilt to version 2.0.7 * Update warden to version 1.2.7 * Update tins to version 1.13.2 * Update terminal-table to version 1.7.3 * Update oj to version 2.18.5 * Update simplecov to version 0.14.1 * Update uglifier to version 3.1.13 * Update hashdiff to version 0.3.2 * Update webmock to version 2.3.2 * Update devise to version 4.2.1 * Use ruby version 2.4.1 * Update sass to version 3.4.23 * Update puma to version 3.8.2 * Update will_paginate to version 3.1.5 * Update font-awesome-rails to version 4.7.0.1 * Update fuubar to version 2.2.0 * Update pry-rails to version 0.3.6 * Update simple-navigation to version 4.0.5 * Update rubocop to version 0.48.1 * Update doorkeeper to version 4.2.5 * Update faker to version 1.7.3 * Update aws-sdk to version 2.9.5 * Update fabrication to version 2.16.1 * Update hamlit-rails to version 0.2.0 * Update http to version 2.2.1 * Update httplog to version 0.99.2 * Update sidekiq to version 4.2.10 * Update rspec-sidekiq to version 3.0.0 * Update pghero to version 1.6.4 * Update rack-cors to version 0.4.1 * Update i18n-tasks to version 0.9.13 * Update ruby-oembed to version 0.12.0 * Update jquery-rails to version 4.3.1 * Update simple_form to version 3.4.0 * Update react-rails to version 1.11.0 * Update aws-sdk to version 2.9.6 * Update sidekiq-unique-jobs to version 5.0.0 * Update uglifier to version 3.2.0
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Then once `rbenv` is ready, run `rbenv install 2.4.1` to install the Ruby version for Mastodon.
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## Git
You need the `git-core` package installed on your system. If it is so, from the `mastodon` user:
cd ~
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git clone https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon.git live
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cd live
Then you can proceed to install project dependencies:
gem install bundler
bundle install --deployment --without development test
yarn install
## Configuration
Then you have to configure your instance:
cp .env.production.sample .env.production
nano .env.production
Fill in the important data, like host/port of the redis database, host/port/username/password of the postgres database, your domain name, SMTP details (e.g. from Mailgun or equivalent transactional e-mail service, many have free tiers), whether you intend to use SSL, etc. If you need to generate secrets, you can use:
rake secret
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To get a random string. If you are setting up on one single server (most likely), then `REDIS_HOST` is localhost and `DB_HOST` is `/var/run/postgresql`, `DB_USER` is `mastodon` and `DB_NAME` is `mastodon_production` while `DB_PASS` is empty because this setup will use the ident authentication method (system user "mastodon" maps to postgres user "mastodon").
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## Setup
And setup the database for the first time, this will create the tables and basic data:
RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails db:setup
Finally, pre-compile all CSS and JavaScript files:
RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails assets:precompile
## Systemd
Example systemd configuration for the web workers, to be placed in `/etc/systemd/system/mastodon-web.service`:
```systemd
[Unit]
Description=mastodon-web
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=mastodon
WorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/live
Environment="RAILS_ENV=production"
Environment="PORT=3000"
ExecStart=/home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rb
TimeoutSec=15
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```
Example systemd configuration for the background workers, to be placed in `/etc/systemd/system/mastodon-sidekiq.service`:
```systemd
[Unit]
Description=mastodon-sidekiq
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=mastodon
WorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/live
Environment="RAILS_ENV=production"
Environment="DB_POOL=5"
ExecStart=/home/mastodon/.rbenv/shims/bundle exec sidekiq -c 5 -q default -q mailers -q pull -q push
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TimeoutSec=15
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```
Example systemd configuration file for the streaming API, to be placed in `/etc/systemd/system/mastodon-streaming.service`:
```systemd
[Unit]
Description=mastodon-streaming
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=mastodon
WorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/live
Environment="NODE_ENV=production"
Environment="PORT=4000"
ExecStart=/usr/bin/npm run start
TimeoutSec=15
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```
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This allows you to `sudo systemctl enable /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-*.service` and `sudo systemctl start mastodon-web.service mastodon-sidekiq.service mastodon-streaming.service` to get things going.
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## Cronjobs
I recommend creating a couple cronjobs for the following tasks:
- `RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake mastodon:media:clear`
- `RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake mastodon:push:refresh`
- `RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake mastodon:feeds:clear`
You may want to run `which bundle` first and copypaste that full path instead of simply `bundle` in the above commands because cronjobs usually don't have all the paths set. The time and intervals of when to run these jobs are up to you, but once every day should be enough for all.
You can edit the cronjob file for the `mastodon` user by running `sudo crontab -e -u mastodon` (outside of the mastodon user).
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## Things to look out for when upgrading Mastodon
You can upgrade Mastodon with a `git pull` from the repository directory. You may need to run:
- `RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails db:migrate`
- `RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails assets:precompile`
Depending on which files changed, e.g. if anything in the `/db/` or `/app/assets` directory changed, respectively. Also, Mastodon runs in memory, so you need to restart it before you see any changes. If you're using systemd, that would be:
sudo systemctl restart mastodon-*.service